On the success factors and risks of informatizatio

Abstract: starting with the introduction of the purpose and significance of enterprise informatization, combined with the author's experience in the implementation of enterprise informatization, this paper expounds several key elements that should be grasped in the successful implementation of enterprise informatization, and focuses on the key role of the direct leadership of the top management in the process of enterprise informatization construction. According to the specific characteristics of enterprise informatization implementation, This paper analyzes the risks of enterprise informatization work, and gives corresponding suggestions to avoid risks

1 preface

China is a large manufacturing country. In the new round of international industrial structure adjustment, it is gradually becoming one of the most important manufacturing bases in the world. It is a major strategy established by the Party Central Committee to drive industrialization with informatization, give play to the late development advantage, and promote the leap forward development of social productive forces. In a certain stage, the development of China's information industry will focus on innovation, application, building the environment, promoting development, and seeing benefits. With the action of manufacturing information as the main line, we will vigorously develop emerging manufacturing and private manufacturing, focus on overcoming the key technologies that are strategically important, such as deep-sea manned submersibles, micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS), database management systems and their applications, numerical control equipment, and promote their industrialization, Cultivate a socialized consulting service system, and realize the informatization of manufacturing design, production and management, the intellectualization of production process control and the digitization of basic equipment through the integrated application of key industries, typical regions and demonstration enterprises, so as to comprehensively improve the competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry and lay the foundation for China's industrial modernization. However, the process of enterprise informatization is a very complex and difficult process, and the enterprise will face a profound and even painful change

2 enterprise informatization

generally speaking, enterprise informatization refers to the collection, processing, transmission, storage, update and maintenance of various business information in various departments of the enterprise (production, operation, design, materials, etc.) by means of computer application and network technology

the purpose of enterprise informatization is to serve the production, operation and management of the enterprise. The development basis is the management and operation mode of the enterprise, not the computer network technology itself. The staff needs to open the joint of the high-pressure oil outlet pipe of the oil pump. The essence of enterprise informatization construction is to use advanced and intelligent technology tools to achieve the purpose of enterprise management; Moreover, with the comprehensive development and deepening of informatization work, enterprises can increasingly feel the importance of informatization in improving management level, improving productivity and accelerating capital turnover

the effects of successful enterprise informatization are reflected in the internal and external changes of the enterprise. Internally, it frees managers from trivial and numerous work, and puts energy into discovering and improving unscientific and unreasonable links in business processes, so as to achieve orderly management; At the same time, equipped with advanced technical tools, the R & D personnel are strengthened, the product development cycle is greatly shortened, and the design quality is significantly improved; Powerful computing functions and data sharing advantages make production management more detailed and agile. Externally, by using the information highway, enterprises can quickly capture users' needs and feedback information, and timely adjust the production and management mode of enterprises, so that enterprises have better conditions for survival and development in the market economy and information age

3 elements of successful enterprise informatization

enterprise informatization is not only huge and complex, but also has its own strategic objectives. Enterprises must analyze the successful elements that affect the objectives of enterprise informatization. The so-called success factors refer to the matters or activities that must be carried out to achieve this goal

3.1 it is necessary to have a good enterprise informatization strategic plan

"everything is established in advance", and everything has its own development law. The informatization work is the same, but it will be more complex. The core of enterprise informatization work is to use technical means to realize management, so it is not only a matter within the scope of technology, but also a matter within the scope of management. In the process of implementation, there are many functional departments involved, and the scope of business is wide. Moreover, enterprise informatization will run through the whole life cycle of the enterprise. The development goals of the enterprise will be different due to the different development stages of the enterprise and the changes in the social and economic environment, Enterprise informatization must focus on the different goals of enterprises in different stages, and formulate corresponding strategic plans for informatization work

3.2 enhancing information awareness and adhering to the participation of leaders

enterprise information awareness is an active reflection of enterprises on various social information phenomena. It affects the demand of enterprises for information collection and processing (this information demand has subjective initiative and purpose motivation), as well as the accurate expression and specific processing methods of demand; In real society, there is a large amount of information that has the value of meeting people's information requirements. However, the realization of this satisfaction is not automatic, but depends on the information consciousness level of the information recipient. The difference of enterprise information consciousness level will lead to the difference of information development and utilization effect. Therefore, the level of enterprise information awareness is not only the premise of enterprise informatization, but also reflects the degree of enterprise informatization to a certain extent

the implementation of informatization project will involve the changes of enterprise organizational structure, management mode and business process, and make enterprise business activities transparent. Therefore, informatization construction may impact some traditional concepts and ideas, styles and habits, procedures and methods in current management that do not conform to management laws but have been followed for a long time, and even the relationship between responsibility and power and institutional structure. When the responsibilities and positions of relevant personnel are adjusted, an adaptation stage may be required; When a certain business (especially cross department business) needs to specify the responsibilities and obligations of data provision and maintenance, the business personnel of different departments may consider problems from the standard of their own departments or from the perspective of their own business processing habits, so that the work of informatization stops at the repeated negotiation and discussion of a certain link and extends the implementation process. These times require the high-level leaders of enterprises to attach great importance to, actively support and participate in information work. Practice shows that the participation of senior leaders is the key to the successful implementation of informatization in enterprises, and dominates the success and failure of the system. Therefore, some people say that the informatization project is the "number one" project. But the "top leaders" project here does not require the top leaders to do this all the time, but to inject their wisdom into decision-making, planning and demonstration, and control the implementation of the project in the overall situation

3.3 adhere to the principle of full participation

the process of enterprise informatization implementation is also the process of enterprise updating management concepts and optimizing business processes. Although the IT department plays a core role in this process, only every employee of the enterprise, the end user of informatization products, actively participates in the process, and actively adjusts his position in the new business environment from the overall situation of the system, Only by carefully studying the management concept of new business processes can we become the beneficiaries of informatization. It is precisely because all staff actively participate in it that the achievements of informatization are the achievements of the whole enterprise, and will not become a deformed child with overall failure and partial success

3.4 adhere to the appropriate investment to improve the value and competitiveness of the enterprise

the pursuit of maximum profit is the consistent goal of the enterprise. The realization of the goal needs to pay a price (investment), and enterprise informatization is no exception. The investment in enterprise informatization is continuous, rather than one-time investment; At the same time, it is also a multi-directional investment in various elements of informatization, including software and hardware platforms, daily management, etc

this investment in enterprise informatization will change with the continuous deepening of informatization, for example, the cost of information management will increase with the expansion of informatization scope; The investment in software and hardware platforms will be relatively reduced with the continuous progress of technology; The cost of information development will also increase with the complexity and depth of the application system. According to the analysis of foreign data, the general cost composition of enterprise informatization is that the resource cost (software and hardware architecture, database software, etc.) accounts for 20% of the total cost, the daily management cost accounts for 42%, the user operation and maintenance cost accounts for 26%, and the evaluation and consultation cost accounts for 12%

3.5 the activity of modified plastics after adhering to the combination of software implementation and management model just meets the active change of large-scale pipe PE processing.

in a quite long historical stage of information development, due to the influence of the concept of "technology leadership", it overemphasizes technical factors and ignores non-technical factors. It believes that as long as the technology is leading, it is "omnipotent", and there is no need to change the management mode and system, As a result, a considerable number of enterprise information systems and information technology applications fail or have low benefits. In the process of enterprise informatization implementation, various businesses will continue to be transferred from manual processing to the informatization platform, forming more and more new businesses. At this time, enterprise managers are required to formulate corresponding rules and regulations or change the business organization, so that the new business can be standardized and organized, in order to avoid the wrangling phenomenon caused by unclear responsibilities. Enterprises should fully realize that the software implemented in a specific period can only realize the functions within a certain business scope, not "omnipotent". Only when the management concepts and relevant systems of relevant businesses are well coordinated with the software functions, can the purpose of information-based assistance management be achieved

3.6 insist on selecting information-based software suitable for the enterprise

even if the enterprise has an IT department and has a certain development ability, but in general, there is still a gap in development ability compared with software companies, so a considerable part of software and hardware products have to be purchased from the IT market. The establishment, implementation and maintenance of the software and hardware environment require enterprises to make a lot of capital investment, so the selection should not be careless. An enterprise should set up a special project team to fully analyze its own needs, clearly identify the type of its own production process, and then contact suppliers who can provide corresponding products. Through the supplier's demonstration, answering questions about the enterprise's personality requirements, and comparing and analyzing the solutions for the enterprise, it should choose an information processing system suitable for its own situation, and also consider the development trend of the enterprise itself, Consider and guide informatization work with forward-looking ideas

3.7 insist on continuous training

information products are new things, and information technology belongs to high-end technology. However, due to China's national conditions, the large-scale development of computers in China's enterprises has not been long, and enterprise employees have insufficient knowledge of computers. Psychologically, they have a sense of mystery about computers and network technology, thinking that this technology is very "unpredictable", and suddenly they want employees to use information technology and tools for business processing, It is easy to cause psychological fear and exclusion of employees, which is not conducive to the implementation and popularization of information work. At this time, it is necessary to train employees. The training content can start with simple computer application, gradually combine the processing flow of information products being implemented with the specific business of employees, and explain to employees "why to do this, what is necessary, and what is the benefit", at the same time, it should be more detailed